Problem Statement
According to UNICEF/WHO estimates:

• » About 1/7th of world population still openly defecate in the absence of any toilet / latrine, of which 60% live in India.
• » The global impact of poor sanitation on human health and infant / child death is profound.
• » It is estimated that 10 million children under 5 die globally every year out of which 2.4 million are in India.

Solution
The Bio-toilet technology developed by DRDO and licensed by our firm to tackle this issue consists of the following components:

• » Bio-Digester: Fermentation container made of mild steel/FRP/bricks. The dimensions and internal design of the bio-digester varies with number of users, water availability and geo-climatic conditions. The bio-digester will contain a microbial consortium.
• » Bacteria (Inoculum): Anaerobic microbial consortium developed by acclimatization/enrichment of microbes at low temperature and bio-augmentation with critical group of bacteria.

Human waste deposited in the bio-digester will be anaerobically degraded into water and methane gas via the action of the bacteria. The chemical reactions that cause the breakdown of the human waste are displayed below:

The bio-toilet technology has been developed by DRDO over two decades, and validated in extreme conditions. Successful pilot ventures have been conducted in Dhamra (Odisha), Lakshwadeep and by the Indian railways.

Bio-toilets installed at Dhamra, Odisha	DRDO + Indian Railways Collaborative Endeavours